Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capitalism - Essay Example This essay explores the United States plunged into an economic crisis in 2008 and 2009. This situation escalated, and it became an irresistible opportunity for the United States to pronounce the failure of the type of capitalism that had emerged towards the end of the twentieth century. The French President, Nicolas Sarkozy once said, â€Å"One had expected competition and abundance for everyone, but instead one got scarcity, the triumph of profit-oriented thinking, speculation and dumping." According to Sarkozy, the then economic crisis had signaled the return of the state and brought an end to public impotence illusions. Notably, economists regard the state of capitalism as one in which the governments are limited in controlling markets and posing property rights. The majority of political economists usually make strong emphasis on private property, wage labor, power relation, class, and the uniqueness in the historical formation of capitalism. Generally, capitalism encourages eco nomic growth, and the failure of our economy in 2008 should not be laid at Capitalism’s door. For one year that is between June 30, 2009, and July 1, 2008, the United States’ total economic output experienced escalating inflation that led to drop in the economy at an annual rate of 3.8 percent. Historically, this was the worst twelve months in economic decline that the United States had experienced since the year 1946. The rate of unemployment that had started declining in the year 2008 at the rate of five percent per annum doubled at the fall of the year 2010. This led to a fall in the number of jobs, a situation that lasted for about twenty one consecutive months. Towards the end, of May 2010, the median workers were relieved off their duties for a period of twenty-three weeks this is compared to ten weeks when United States had experienced depths of recessions; that is, between 1973 and 1975. All these economic hard times should not be pegged on capitalism, but on p oor governance and poor approach in resolving economic problems (Ingham 89). Shortly after the election of Ronald Reagan in the United States, a norm of a quarter century become operational, and this is the time or period when the free market approach to economic proved to be superior to economies of state directions (Ingham 43). During this period, the America’s income tax rate was halved; thus, reducing burdens from regulation. Notably, during the same period, the United States experienced a tremendous spread and growth of free market economy. This encouraged, free trade, which produced a remarkable stability and significant prosperity. Between the period 1983 and 2008, the gross domestic product experienced a growth of an average of 3.2 percent per year. It is only once within this period that the output of the United States fell in a calendar year; this only resulted when the percentage was being adjusted to two-tenths point (Ingham 104). Unfortunately, the assets of the real estate exploded resulting to varnishing of growth and stability. This drove the United States into a worse economic crisis. As President Sarkozy said, many would see this recession as an economic setback that could be as well regarded as a death blow (Ingham 119). The policies of conservative economy aimed at reducing the government power and liberating the private sector. Therefore, the introduction of the free market could have been regarded as a way of managing a state economy, but it was extremely brief. The surprising reversal of the economic down fall of the United States actually reached a point of no return in the year 2010. All these cannot or could not be blamed on capitalism, but on Americans who were only â€Å"profit oriented.† American is now convinced that the government has failed to solve the economic crisis; in fact, it has worsened the situation. It is liberal economic policies not conservativeness that is in a quick jeopardy (Ingham 342). Most of the Americans had lost faith in the federal government, and the majority had believed

The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children behavior Essay

The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children behavior - Essay Example Ethical reasoning on the subject of Internet use among Children and Adolescents VII. Conclusion The Effect of Media (Internet) on Children’s Behavior INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of the internet, children everywhere have been fascinated by this media format and the various opportunities for entertainment that it presents. Today, most children in the developed nations are interested in internet related sources of entertainment and information than in formerly popular activities such as reading story books and playing in the playground. The teenagers in Western nations use the internet for entertainment and education almost as much as the adults do. Objectives of Studying about the Effects of Internet use by Children and Teenagers Children today have more access to a lot of information than children in bygone eras did due to the internet. Computers cannot really be considered as being innately damaging to the minds of users, or only beneficial; however, in the hands of ch ildren, they can be changed to become either of these options. The internet can deeply affect a child’s psychosocial development. Thus, it is vital for educators as well as parents to acquire the necessary information in regards to the effects of prolonged exposure or supervised exposure of children to the internet. This will then allow them to be able to offer direction on the age-appropriate exploitation of different features of the Internet. The fact that this objective may be difficult to achieve is not unusual. In the present age, there are many educators as well as parents who may fear that they know much less about how best to use the different internet features that exist than their own children. Many do not even appreciate the emergence of the internet as the latest medium which can be used to champion literacy. Moreover, this approach may be counterproductive because there is a need for parents to understand how the internet affects their children’s developme nt. In addition, there are many unseen dangers in the relatively unregulated world of the internet. The only way to tackle such potential dangers is by learning about different facets of the internet and accepting statistics and facts about the effects of the internet from researchers who study the subject. Learning about the internet will also allow educators as well as parents to be able to ensure that children benefit from educative information from a safe environment. Research Findings on the use of the Internet The findings of all research conducted on internet use among children indicate that there are both negative as well as positive developmental consequences that come with using the internet during adolescence as well as childhood (Holloway & Valentine, 2003). It has also been established that there are other environmental elements that mediate the effects of childhood online behavior. The techno-subsystem theory, for instance, addresses aspects about child interaction wit h both non-living factors such as information from hardware sources, and living sources such as colleagues (Holloway and Valentine, 2003). In emphasizing the function that technology plays in the development of a child, the ecological techno-subsystem supports the holistic examination of the developmental results that could be determined by various levels of internet during a

Mahindra and Mahindra: External Environment Analysis

Mahindra and Mahindra: External Environment Analysis A business cannot function in a shell. In order to exist and function effectively, a business has to act and react to what happens in the external environment. The aggregates of all conditions, events, and influences that surround and affect it says Keith Davis (Saleem Shaikh, Business Environment, 2010) The external environment of a business refers to all those factor that directly influence the working of a business. These factors are not in control of businesses, but it is extremely important for a business because they shape the kind of business activity one can have. The factors which influence the external environment of a business are: Political factors This means how the changes in the government policies, political systems and the approach and philosophy of the political party in existence influences the working of a business enterprise. Economic factors This means how a business is affected by the economy in terms of government spending, interest rates, taxation, exchange rates, global economic factors, infrastructure development, capital formation, etc. Social factors Every business organization operates in according to the norms of the society and to satisfy their needs. This means how the culture, values, beliefs, tastes, preferences and behavior of the consumers, households and communities affects the working of a business. Technological factors Technology is considered to be one of the most important factors which affect the business environment. It means how the rapid change and innovation in technologies affect the production process and help businesses to produce innovative products. Ecological factors Ecology is the study of environment which includes plants, animals, water, air, sunlight etc. These factors affect the working of a business organization considerably in a way that government has taken some legislative measures for the protection and control of pollution in the environment like The Water Act, 1974, The Air Act, 1981, The Environment Protection Act, 1986. Legal factors The legal environment plays a very important role in business. Every aspect of business is regulated by the law of the country. These include the laws related to industrial licensing, factory administration, payment of wages, company laws, import and export laws etc. In order to stay and survive successfully in the market for long term a business has to take in consideration all the above mentioned factors and change accordingly. These factors have affected the performance and long term sustainability of Mahindra and Mahindra to a large extent. Mahindra and Mahindra Mahindra Mahindra Limited is part of  Mahindra Group which is based in  Mumbai. The company was started in 1945 in  Ludhiana  as Mahindra Mohammed by the brothers K.C. Mahindra and J.C. Mahindra along with  Malik Ghulam Mohammed.It was changed to Mahindra Mahindra in 1948 and is currently headed by Anand Mahindra. It is now a US $7.1 billion Indian multinational. Mahindra is the only Indian company which manufactures top tractor brands in the world. Today it has its presence in almost every segment of the automobile industry, from two-wheelers to SUVS, CVS and UVS. Recently Mahindra acquired a majority stake in REVA Electric Car Co Ltd. (now called Mahindra REVA). The Mahindra Group expanded its IT portfolio when Tech Mahindra acquired the leading global business and information technology services company, Satyam Computer Services. The company is now known as Mahindra Satyam. Mahindra Mahindra has diversified its businesses into various sectors which are: Automotive sector Two wheeler sector Farm equipment sector Hospitality sector Information technology sector Factors influencing Mahindra and Mahindra in its various business sectors (P)olitical factors Automotive, Two wheeler and farm equipment sectors In 2002, the government of India formulated an auto policy that aimed at promoting integrated, enduring and self-sustained growth of the Indian automotive industry. The approval for foreign equity investment up to 100% in the automotive sector was allowed and minimum investment criteria disallowed. The government promoted establishments of international companies for manufacturing small, affordable passenger cars as well as tractor and two wheelers. The government assisted the development of vehicle propelled by alternate energy source. The government formulated plans to have a terminal life policy for Commercial Vehicles along with incentives for replacement for such vehicles. It also promoted multi-model transportation and the implementation of mass rapid transportation system. These political influences have lead Mahindra and Mahindra to increase production of its vehicles and inflow of foreign investments. Also the development of alternate energy source vehicles has led Mahindra to acquire majority stake in REVA electric car co ltd. Hospitality sector It includes the central governments legal issues and regulations. This includes various Laws and Acts passed out by the government in Hospitality sector some of which are as follows: The influences of these political acts has led to the commencement of Mahindra holidays and resorts limited in 1996, offering family holidays in India and abroad. This has helped the company to grow immensely. Information technology sector The IT industry of India suffered political instability for a few years but it has been stable since 1999. The Indian government has decided to contract IT job to Indian IT companies creating more opportunities for the company and the industry at large. Consumer protection laws, competitive regulations and terrorist attacks are other factors to be considered. The Indian it sector does not much influence of political stability, so if the government changes it has little effect on the industry. These political forces have led Tech Mahindra in the leaders category with a hugely successful public issue in 2006. Changes in the political conditions have allowed many companies to enter IT sector like Mahindra Mahindra. This has lead to establishment of tech Mahindra by the Mahindra group and acquisition of Satyam. (E)conomical factors Automotive, two wheeler and farm equipment sector The automobile companies are reorganizing their sales process due to economic pressure on the industry. The government has granted concessions, by reducing the interest rates for export financing. The growth of Indian economy at the rate of 8.5% per annum has had a great influence on the automotive sector in India. Also the growth in the manufacturing sector at the rate of 8-10 % per annum in the last few years has influenced the growth of this sector. The globalization of India economy has led to the participation of several Indian firms with global players.  While some have formed joint ventures with equity participation, other also has entered into technology tie-ups. These changes have allowed Mahindra to expand its market and grow rapidly in India as well as abroad. Hospitality sector The economic factors have a direct influence on the hospitality sector of a business this is because if there is inflation then the rates will rise quickly, keeping in mind there are two sides to it. The hospitality sector is directly linked with tourism industry. Tourism has become the number one export earner for India and this is only possible due to diversification of the economy. The economic growth of the country has led to the expansion of Mahindra into this sector by establishment of Mahindra holidays and resorts. Information technology sector The IT industry is being affected by lots of economic factors ranging from rising working pay, global recession, competition, contract availability and fee. In 2009 the domestic IT spending grew by 20 % and reached $20 billion. During the last global recession currency fluctuation caused devaluation of dollar which has affected the industry. The recession has also led to decline in jobs which has affected this sector. With the decline of banking and financial sectors, the revenue from them is expected to decline hurting the IT industry which has had its impact on tech Mahindra as well. (S)ocial factors Automotive, two wheeler and farm equipment sector The changed lifestyle of people has led to increased purchase of automobiles, so automobile sector have a large customer base to serve. The increase in the income level of consumer as increased the buying power of people. In India, today 85% of cars are financed in India. Indian customers are highly educated and well informed. They are price sensitive as well and put lot of importance on value for money .Preference for small and compact cars in the Indian market has also increased. They are socially acceptable even amongst the well off. People these days prefer fuel efficient cars with low running costs which Mahindra has ventured into like Mahindra Renault, Scorpio, Xylo etc. Hospitality sector This includes all the social and cultural trends which have been affecting the industry. The changing expectation of consumers towards the hospitality experience. The consumers expect to be catered for their hospitality needs. The consumers want to feel that they are in control of their hospitality experience. Social networking plays an important part in the growth of this sector for a firm which helps the companies the companies to relate in a better way with the consumers. The increase in wealth of consumes due to increase in their income has led to change in their taste towards luxurious living and travelling which creates more business for firms operating n this sector due to which Mahindra has grown. Information technology There are lots of social factors affecting the IT sector which ranges from language barriers, employee rights and race rationality of the company and other issues. The IT industry is also affected by the change in consumer behavior which is supported by the fact that different consumers have different taste. The social issues like global warming are also concern for this industry and the shift of society towards education which includes opening up of universities and institutes in India offering IT education which produces large number of students joining IT industry which is also benefiting Mahindra and Mahindra. (T)echnological factors Automotive, two wheeler and farm equipment sector There are more emphasis laid on research and development in terms of technology in this sector which has contributed to innovation. The government of India is also promoting National Automotive testing and research and development infrastructure project. Technological solution helps in integrating the supply chain, hence reduce losses and increase profitability. With the development and evolution of alternate fuels, hybrid cars have made entry into the market also global companies like Audi, BMW, Hyundai have setup their manufacturing units in India. Mahindra and Mahindra is providing customized solutions and designer cars with new technology Hospitality sector Advancing technology has contributed a lot for the growth of firms in hospitality sector due to which the hotel receive reservations in advance through the net. People get all the information about the hotels through agents online. With the advent of computer the airlines allow the travel agents to view their flight inventories and rates in real time. Soon the airlines also added hotels and car rental companies to their computes so that agents could book the entire guest travel through their computer. Today more than 70% of hotel reservations are done electronically from which Mahindra and Mahindra has taken advantage. Information technology The changes in technological sector have impacted the growth and development of various companies. It has also forced other companies whose core business is not in IT sector to venture in this sector for example Mahindra and Tata. The present conditions are mainly due to the result that the masses have become techno savvy and there is a lot of potential in this sector. (L)egal factors Automotive sector The legal angle to the automotive sector has undergone a sea change during the last 50 years and Mahindra and Mahindra has been able to cope up with the same. As more and more stricter norms regarding environmental pollution has come into effect so Mahindra and Mahindra has brought new technology into their products to address to the legal applications and this constant endeavor of the Mahindra group has enabled it to constantly abide by the laws and rules and regulations of India and the worlds over. Hospitality sector The rules and regulations regarding the hospitality industry have also changed and as a result Mahindra and Mahindra have to adjust themselves according to the same and they have tried to adjust to the same also Information technology Sector Government of India has opened up the IT sector in India and has made the laws very lenient so that the business community can benefit from the same. This has led the Mahindra and Mahindra to launch Tech Mahindra as their Brand and acquisition of Satyam co (E)cological factors Automotive sector, two wheeler and farm equipment sector The physical infrastructure of country such as bridges and roads affect the use of automobiles. If there are smooth roads available then it will affect the use of automobiles. The environment and weather conditions also affect the use of automobiles in the country. If the environment is pleasant then the use of automobiles will be more. The entry of global companies in the Indian environment has led to advancement in the products and the production process of Mahindra and Mahindra. Hospitality sector The environmental factors gained prominence because of deteriorating environmental balance which is threatening the sustainability of environment and nature. Hospitality sector is very much responsible for releasing out chemical effluence drained out in water making it unfit for use and also the draining out non bio degradable recourses such as polythene in the environment affecting the chain adversely. There has been many rules and act passed for this sector which the companies have to work accordingly. This industry is directly influenced by tourism. The natural and cultural sites led to attraction of tourists and also the natural landforms and environmental conditions influence the choice of destination of Mahindra hotels which has led to its growth. Information technology sector The ecological environment has affects and influence in IT sector in various ways. For this there have been conservation and protection issues because of deteriorating environmental balance. Largely, businesses are also held responsible for such situations as emissions from these industries pollute water, air and effect bio chain adversely and expose people to hazardous radiations bringing their lives in danger. These have implications for various firms in this sector and how the manufacturing process takes place in Tech Mahindra. Conclusion: Mahindra and Mahindra has grown steadily in size and structure and has evolved into a huge group and occupies a premium position in various key sectors of the economy. It has gained a substantial and a sustainable growth in the industry by coping up with various changes in the environment it exists in. The above mentioned factors has impacted its various business sectors and led to the formation of a highly successful company. The above analysis leads us to the conclusion that Mahindra and Mahindra have transformed themselves into a very successful business enterprise and have evolved themselves as a very important constituent of the Indian and the global economy. Mahindra and Mahindra have expanded themselves into various industrial sectors like defence, automobile, hospitality etc. and have diversified at the same time. Mahindra and Mahindra has shown that how the various changes in the business environment can be explored and exploited by any business for its own gain and the gain of the economy as a whole.

The Life of William Carlos Williams Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Life of William Carlos Williams â€Å"Nothing whips my blood like verse.† These are the famous words of the great poet, William Carlos Williams. Williams was born on September 17, 1883 in Rutherford, New Jersey. He spent most of his life in Rutherford, so today he is a local hero. Williams’ mother was Puerto Rican and almost had pure Spanish blood. His father was American. As a child, Williams’ dad was a salesman and was often away from home. Thus, they didn’t see each other very much. When Williams was four, he attended school in Switzerland and France for three years. Then his family moved back to Rutherford. Williams started writing poetry at Horace Mann High School, in New York City. His parents loved literature and the visual arts, so Williams had a large vocabulary and a gift for writing poetry. Even though Williams’ parents were all for literature, they wanted him to become a doctor. So in high school, Williams decided he would go to medical school but continue to write poe try. Williams soon was accepted into the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and went off to college. At the University of Pennsylvania, he stuck to his word, practicing medicine and writing poetry. His parents really influenced him to study to become a doctor so Williams worked extremely hard. In college, Williams was befriended by poet Ezra Pound. He was the main person who encouraged him to continue writing poetry. Williams would come to his dormitory every night and Ezra would help him. Slowly, Ezra developed him into a great poet. After Williams completed his studies, he had his heart set on both writing poetry and a medical career. Three years later (in 1909) Williams’ first poems were published. A year after that Williams began a private medical practice in Rutherford, something which lasted for over 40 years. Every day he’d practice medicine, and then come home around one o’clock in the morning and write poetry. By 1912, his medical practice had given Williams the financial freedom to write what he wished. Williams started writing poetry all day. Many of these poems got published, and during the 1920’s-1950’s, he was venerated by other poets because he rejected formalism. Over this period of time Williams received many awards and published many other poems. Williams also married Florence Herman in 1912. Sadly, Williams Carlos Williams died on March 4, 1963. He may... ...or answer. Even though back when Williams’ published his first poems they seemed different and strange, they caught on and were loved. Today, many poets use Williams’ techniques. There were dozens of poets to choose from for the ORP, but out of all of them I chose William Carlos Williams. The main reason I chose Williams as my poet was because he’s my dad’s all-time favorite poet. He had many of his poetry books and information about him, so if I had any questions my dad knew all the answers. When I first started reading Williams’ poems, I thought they were rather strange. But as my dad explained how he wrote and what some of the poems meant, I started really understanding his poetry and now he is my favorite poet. From reading Williams’ poetry, I have learned one extremely special and important thing about writing poetry. That you don’t always have to write about things that have a message to have a great poem, you can write about random objects and still have a wonderful poem. I would recommend Williams to more advanced readers who really understand poetry and already know a little bit about his past, because knowing Willi ams’ background really helped me understand his poetry. The Life of William Carlos Williams Essay -- English Literature Essays The Life of William Carlos Williams â€Å"Nothing whips my blood like verse.† These are the famous words of the great poet, William Carlos Williams. Williams was born on September 17, 1883 in Rutherford, New Jersey. He spent most of his life in Rutherford, so today he is a local hero. Williams’ mother was Puerto Rican and almost had pure Spanish blood. His father was American. As a child, Williams’ dad was a salesman and was often away from home. Thus, they didn’t see each other very much. When Williams was four, he attended school in Switzerland and France for three years. Then his family moved back to Rutherford. Williams started writing poetry at Horace Mann High School, in New York City. His parents loved literature and the visual arts, so Williams had a large vocabulary and a gift for writing poetry. Even though Williams’ parents were all for literature, they wanted him to become a doctor. So in high school, Williams decided he would go to medical school but continue to write poe try. Williams soon was accepted into the University of Pennsylvania Medical School and went off to college. At the University of Pennsylvania, he stuck to his word, practicing medicine and writing poetry. His parents really influenced him to study to become a doctor so Williams worked extremely hard. In college, Williams was befriended by poet Ezra Pound. He was the main person who encouraged him to continue writing poetry. Williams would come to his dormitory every night and Ezra would help him. Slowly, Ezra developed him into a great poet. After Williams completed his studies, he had his heart set on both writing poetry and a medical career. Three years later (in 1909) Williams’ first poems were published. A year after that Williams began a private medical practice in Rutherford, something which lasted for over 40 years. Every day he’d practice medicine, and then come home around one o’clock in the morning and write poetry. By 1912, his medical practice had given Williams the financial freedom to write what he wished. Williams started writing poetry all day. Many of these poems got published, and during the 1920’s-1950’s, he was venerated by other poets because he rejected formalism. Over this period of time Williams received many awards and published many other poems. Williams also married Florence Herman in 1912. Sadly, Williams Carlos Williams died on March 4, 1963. He may... ...or answer. Even though back when Williams’ published his first poems they seemed different and strange, they caught on and were loved. Today, many poets use Williams’ techniques. There were dozens of poets to choose from for the ORP, but out of all of them I chose William Carlos Williams. The main reason I chose Williams as my poet was because he’s my dad’s all-time favorite poet. He had many of his poetry books and information about him, so if I had any questions my dad knew all the answers. When I first started reading Williams’ poems, I thought they were rather strange. But as my dad explained how he wrote and what some of the poems meant, I started really understanding his poetry and now he is my favorite poet. From reading Williams’ poetry, I have learned one extremely special and important thing about writing poetry. That you don’t always have to write about things that have a message to have a great poem, you can write about random objects and still have a wonderful poem. I would recommend Williams to more advanced readers who really understand poetry and already know a little bit about his past, because knowing Willi ams’ background really helped me understand his poetry.

Importance of Sports Essay

Here’s hoping that now you know what is the importance of sports. Besidesbeing important for kids, taking up asports careerin adult life, has its ownbenefits. A sportsperson often travels to other countries to play matches andin the process, learns a great deal about the cultures of these countries. Eventhe spectators or TV viewers are thoroughly entertained while watchingprofessional sports, making it an excellent recreational activity. 3 We live in jet age. Life has become so easier than ever before. Withadvancing technologies our lives have become comfortable. But in today’sworld under the spell of technology we are ignoring our health. Even kidsrather than going out and playing with friends prefer watching television,playing computer games,or surf the net. Playing Sports keeps us physically fit and mentally alert. It keeps us healthywhich is the most important thing of all!! as it is indeed equal to all thewealth in the world,for you may have money but if you have not got health toenjoy it what is its use ? We have variety of sports to choose from like Basketball, Tennis , Football,Cricket, Swimming etc. Besides sports not only helps us to be physically fitbut it also teaches us the values of discipline, loyalty , teamwork, hard-workand honesty which helps us to play the bigger game of life! A true sportsmancelebrates victory and accepts defeat with a smile. To him winning is notimportant but giving his 100% is! But in today’s competitive world studies are given more importance. A childdoesn’t get enough time to play because of constant pressure of studies andhis parents to perform better and better. Hence children ,parents andteachers must understand the importance of sports and give the child enoughtime to play as we all know very well that â€Å"All work and no play makes Jack adull boy! † 4 IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF SPORTS Have you ever thought why people do sports? Absolutely, many people seemnot to know the reasons. As a anectode, there are many people who dosports for nothing around us. Everyday we can encounter with these people. They regularly do sports; however, none of them realizes the benefits andimportance of sports. In fact, vice versa, some people want to be fit andattractive, look smart. Unfortunately, these people can’t consider otherbenefits of sports. In my opinion, there are several benefits of sports thatpeople often do not consider: sports are required to be healthy people, areneeded for enjoyment, and are great market for countries’ economies. The first advantage of sports for people is that they help people be healthy,and be fit. Throughout history, people can’t give up their interest at theirbody. I belive that now many people love themselves no matter how beautiful or ugly they are. Naturally, people’s first aim should be healthy andfit with the benefits of sports. Due to this fact that Sports keep our bodyhealthy. As a possible example, imagine that there is a car which has notworked for years. If you try to run the motor engine, it will not work anymoresince it has been rusted and its engine may be broken down. As a result,people is smillar to engines and motors. If we don’t do sports, we will beforced to rust, in other words, decomposition of our body; afterwards, wemay have some problems with our body when we even need to small walk. Inaddition, sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation. Accordingto many researchs which have been done by scientists, we can prove theimportance of sports for our health because 70% middle aged people who didnot do sports in their youth are now struggling with the problems such ashigh tension, trouble with blood circulation, easily become tired due to thelack of sports. The second advantage of sports for people is that they are required for ourdaily lives and competing at the internatinal area because of enjoyment of sports. For many years, sports have been done by people. For example, haveyou ever thought why people want to play football or other games? Theanswer may be easy since sports are entertaining. They are sometimesmagics as they catch our attention and give us pleasure as much as we need. Sometimes overwhelming life conditions may be unfair and make usunhappy. However, if there is a sport activity when we are unhappy, we willprobably be motivated and be refreshed again after the sport activity. Thisshould be the most important benefit of sports because many people dosports for this reason. In addition, have you ever thought why millions of people watch World Cup match without breathing? There might be somereasons behind the action of watching football match. The most importantone might be the excitement and enjoyment of sport. Football match isexhilating because it gives us pleasure to watch. In the pitch and near thepitch, there are more than 18 men, and they are the representative of oursport culture. Within the excitment of sports, countries are able to compete inthe international area. Due to this fact people like sports since they and theircountries are able to compete and beat opponent countries and this is themost important reason to take pleasure from sports. The final and least advantage of sports is that they are the huge market forcountrie’s economy. First of all, if we look at only football industry. There aremore than thousand professional team and at least these team have 25players. If this is calculated, there are approximately 25000 players withoutworking staff, scouts, coaches and managers. This shoud be the largestindustry which employs many people in Turkey. In addition, countries andclubs have to establish new facilities for sports game. Some of them are thelargest buldings in the entire country that represent countries, for exampleAtaturk Olympic Stadium in Turkey. Supplying funds for this buldings may bethe publicity of countries since constructing well designed stadiums helpcountry preapare or organize big competitons such as World Cup, Olympics,and Tennis Tournaments. Finally, sports allow advertisement companies tomake publicity of strong brands. For example, sponsorship is one of the bestpublicity of one company. Everyone watchs thier favourite team or atlethe,and audiance will probably see the sponsor of team or atlethe. For example, in England, Manchester United which is one of the most powerful clubs ininternational area has a sponsor called Vodafone. I am from Turkey, and Ieven know its sponsor. This will probably show the effectiveness of sponsorship in sports. All in all, we can conclude that there are several advantages and benefits of sports. First, sports are required by people to be fit, smart, and good looking. Second, sports are entertaining due to many facts. Third, sports are the hugemarket for countries’ economies. In my opinion, despite sports’ advantages,many people can’t believe that sports are useful and beneficial. I hope that inthe future these people will tend to be more optimistically to sports sincethey are the neccessity of our lives. 5 Importance Of Sports The Importance of SportsSports are an important part of just about every society, every country,every part of our planet. In one way or another, everyone is involved insports or some sort, whether they’re playing or watching or just knowsomeone who does either. The importance of sports in the life of a young student is invaluable and goesmuch further than the basic answer that â€Å"it keeps kids off the streets. † Itdoes in fact keep kids off the streets, but it also instills lessons that areessential in the life of a student athlete. Sports play a pivotal role in themakeup of a young athlete, especially in the middle school to high schoolyears where student-athletes are much more mature and mentallydeveloped. Where else can a young, impressionable youth learn values likediscipline, responsibility, self-confidence, sacrifice, and accountability? Sports come in many varieties. There are individual sports such as golf orteam sports such as football and hockey. Court sports include badminton andsquash. Other categories are gymnastics, martial arts, racing for example theF1 races, obstacle sports such as skating and indoor sports such as chess andcard games. Football, hockey and basketball are team sports. Teams of eleven or sixplayers square off against each other, with team members helping each otherto win as a team. Sports are played for fun or for money (or sometimes both). Just about everysport has both professionals (those who compete for money) and amateurs(those who compete not for money but for fame or for the sake of competition itself). Many amateurs who are really good at their sport becomeprofessionals. Health is wealth. † Those who have understood the importance of health willtry to keep themselves fit. Apart from a balanced diet, sports are necessaryto maintain our health. If we do not exercise regularly, our body does notdevelop the muscles as well as bones become weak.

The Roller Skating Rink

The Roller Skating Rink Adolescents like to have a place they can call their own. In the 80’s and early 90’s, teenagers would hang out at the mall, the arcade, or many other spots. When I was a little girl, growing up in a small town, meant you had to travel to the city next door in order to find your weekend excitement. Usually that would be roller skating with your friends at â€Å"Skate World†, while listening to the favorite group of the month. Having never done this as a child, my sister decided one afternoon that she would take me roller skating. I was amazed to find a little world filled with life blooming on a 70 X 160-ft cement slab known as a roller skating rink. As soon as we entered the building which housed the rink, the warm, nostalgia scent of popcorn hit that part of my brain where dusty cobwebbed memories live, memories of my own childhood. We made our way past a group of exuberant teenagers at the snack bar until we reached the skating rink. Skinny, hard benches, made for small butts, lined one wall. We took a seat and scanned the rink. My eyes paused to read a sign; white, block letters on a black background warned, â€Å"Skate At Your Own Risk. As my sister smiled back at me, I paused for a minute and thought, what have I gotten myself into. Meanwhile, two young men swaggered past us: confident, heads held high, eyes focused on their destination. I leaned over, looking down the long row of benches, curious to find out where they were going. Their confidence lagged a bit as they approached a large group of their peers, including several young ladies. All of them exhibited signs of discomfort as the girls crossed their arms over their mature bodies and the boys tried hard not to stare. Suddenly a silent signal sent the entire group to the benches. Pairs of nimble hands laced up skates as quickly as possible, while other hands aided in conversation that only the listener was allowed to hear. I was struck by the intimacy of this scene. They all knew each other well. They had come together in the freedom of this one place to share and explore without the encumbrance of parents, teachers, or any other adult. I sat bolt upright, feeling very uncomfortable as I realized how much I really didn’t fit in. Then as I attempted to recover from my embarrassment, I was suddenly startled by a noise†¦music, perhaps? It must have been music, because I glanced down to find my foot tapping away to a beat long forgotten. Then as if on cue, people from every corner of the room flocked to the rink. The awkwardness their bodies had expressed off the rink had been replaced by a grace not unlike a baby bird. They were clumsy in their approach to flight, but once airborne, they were a soaring sight to behold. After carefully watching, I was mesmerized by the effortlessness of their movements, weaving in and out, endlessly circling. Skates became a blur of color: green, purple, blue, pink, and red–speeding by fast and furious. I felt the rush of wind on my face as I caught the musky scent of cologne mixed with sweat. A swirl of communication was taking place, none of it involving speech. The tactile sense had kicked in: punching and shoving of young lions trying to impress their ladies of choice, bodies brushing by each other, and the gentle touch of hand on arm. A statuesque blond, six inches taller than her partner, slipped. â€Å"Catch me, I’m falling on purpose,† her body language seemed to say. Eye contact was prevalent. Most skaters continually scanned the rink, found the one they were looking for and BAM!!! eyes quickly darted away. This testing of emotional waters went of for several hours; boys and girls trying on relationships of men and women like kids playing dress up in their parents’ clothes. At last, I remembered the sign, â€Å"Skate At Your Own Risk. † At the time, I had worried about broken arms and legs, but as I watched the dance unfold on that skating rink, I realized that these young people risk so much more. The pain and rejection, the fear of making fools of themselves, and the devastation they feel when they believe that they have; makes life for these teenagers a risky business. Perhaps the sign should have read, â€Å"Live At Your Own Risk. †

28 Quotes About Teenage Love

28 Quotes About Teenage Love Do you feel woozy every time your object of affection passes by your desk in class? Do you swoon with delirious happiness whenever they say as much as a hi to you? Well, guess whos having a crush? Crushes are a natural part of growing up. During your  teenage  years, your body goes through physical and emotional changes. One such change is an acute awareness of oneself, and the need to be loved. A lot of the trials and tribulations of adolescence can be attributed to teenage love. Seemingly insignificant, teenage love can, in fact, mark the beginning of great, mature, and everlasting love. The following  love quotes  for teens expound on the impish and youthful love that brews between two young hearts. Robert HerrickWhat is a kiss? Why this, as some approve: The sure, sweet cement, glue, and lime of love. J. K. RowlingWhen you have seen as much of life as I have, you will not underestimate the power of obsessive love. William ShakespeareThey do not love that do not show their love. The course of true love never did run smooth. Love is a familiar. Love is a devil. There is no evil angel but love. Elizabeth BowenFirst love, with its frantic haughty imagination, swings its object clear of the every day, over the rut of living, making him all looks, silences, gestures, attitudes, a burning phrase with no context. C. S. LewisWhy love if losing hurts so much? We love to know that we are not alone. Raquel Cepeda, Bird of Paradise: How I Became LatinaNobody, she felt, understood her. Not her mother, not her father, not her sister or brother, none of the girls or boys at school, Nadie, except her man. AnonymousIts funny, most people can be around someone and then gradually begin to love them and never know exactly when it happened. AnonymousLove is like playing the piano. First, you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. Margaret Atwood, The Blind AssassinThe young habitually mistake lust for love, theyre infested with idealism of all kinds. MoliereA lover tries to stand in well with the pet dog of the house. John GreenAll sorts of yayness floods my brain. Love is such a drug. AnonymousLove: a wildly misunderstood although highly desirable malfunction of the heart which weakens the brain, causes eyes to sparkle, cheeks to glow, blood pressure to rise and the lips to pucker. George Bernard ShawFirst love is only a little foolishness and a lot of curiosity. Tyne DalyLove is as strict as acting. If you want to love somebody, stand there and do it. If you dont, dont. There are no other choices. Winnie the PoohPromise me youll never forget me because if I thought you would Id never leave. Antonio PorchiaI love you as you are, but do not tell me how that is. Vladimir NabokovI think it is all a matter of love; the more you love a memory the stronger and stranger it becomes. NietzscheThere is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness. Henry Ward BeecherYoung love is a flame; very pretty, often very hot and fierce, but still only light and flickering. The love of the older and disciplined heart is as coals, deep-burning, unquenchable. Marc ChagallIn our life, there is a single color, as on an artists palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of love. Oscar WildeMen always want to be a womans first love; women like to be a mans last romance. William WordsworthThe little-unremembered acts of kindness and love are the best parts of a persons life. Barbara HowerThere is nothing better for the spirit or the body than a love affair. It elevates the thoughts and flattens the stomachs. Suzanne NeckerThe quarrels of lovers are like summer storms. Everything is more beautiful when they have passed. Leigh HuntStolen kisses are always sweetest. Eleanor RooseveltThe giving of love is an education in itself. Lynda BarryLove is an exploding cigar we willingly smoke. Ingrid BergmanA kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous.

The eNotes Blog The Next New Thing PersonalizedLearning

The Next New Thing PersonalizedLearning One thing about education as a profession- the grass is never allowed to grow under a teacher’s feet for very long. There’s always something new coming down the pike, which isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but it does induce a kind of professional dizziness from time to time. Adapting to the â€Å"next new thing† is always a challenge, especially if it moves from the periphery onto the center stage in classroom practices. The most recent concept in education is personalized learning, not to be confused with differentiated instruction. Differentiated instruction addresses how lessons are delivered to students, based on their individual needs. Personalized learning is more complex. In its purest form, personalized learning allows students to choose what they will study and to proceed at their own pace in meeting individual goals. Implementing it requires four instructional strategies, which are summarized  in â€Å"Personalized Learning: A Working Definition†: Continual assessment as a student progresses toward â€Å"clearly-defined goals,† with the student advancing and earning credit after demonstrating mastery. Learning environments designed to meet students’ needs in reaching their goals. Customized  Ã¢â‚¬Å"learning paths† based on each student’s progress, motivations, and goals. Up-to-date â€Å"learner profiles† that chart each student’s strengths, needs, motivations, and goals. That’s a lot to do after taking attendance! Seriously, it’s a lot to do period, and the current demands of standardized  testing make personalized learning seem like a classroom fantasy. It’s a great idea, though, so what can be done to personalize learning in a system based on covering a specific curriculum in a limited amount of time?  Apparently, quite a bit, starting with learner profiles. The learner profile is one part of personalized learning that’s already in place. Learner profiles may not be written down, but they exist,  filed  in teachers’ minds where they’re continually reviewed and updated. Ask a teacher about particular students, and be prepared for  a  detailed  report on their individual strengths, weaknesses, and motivations. (You’ll also probably find out what’s holding them back or pushing them ahead and who frequently needs to borrow lunch money.)  I think we’re good on learner profiles, except perhaps for having students set some specific learning goals  for themselves. The rest of personalized learning has been broken down into five essential elements: Choice, Pace, Path, Mode, and Data.  Within these five elements, there’s room to personalize learning even when a teacher is tied to an articulated curriculum and a pacing guide in meeting state standards. Choice and Pace Be creative in writing curriculum-based lesson plans so that they offer students some choice in what they will study. Let students choose their own topics for research papers, allowing them to study what most interests them. Create a list of activities that address students’ interests, different learning styles, and multiple intelligences, and allow them to choose their own activities from the list. Design an independent study project with several parts, and let students decide how they will accomplish each part- what they will read and write and which project activities they will complete. Let students design and pursue their own independent study projects. Considering the time constraints in a classroom, it’s unlikely that all students will be able to proceed at their own pace, all the time, in completing their work, but it’s usually possible to be somewhat flexible in setting due dates for assignments. Path and Mode These elements refer to the ways individual students pursue learning objectives and the means they use in mastering them. Providing students with different learning paths and different modes of study requires making some fundamental changes in instruction. Everyone won’t be doing the same thing at the same time. That sounds like a recipe for chaos, but not necessarily! Check out these examples of how to reorganize instruction efficiently and effectively in personalizing learning, and see  four more K-12 examples here.  Technology tools and the resources that can be tapped through them can play an essential role in personalized learning. Edutopia offers ten tips for using technology in implementing it. Data Regardless of how learning takes place, it has to be assessed. The prospect of writing individual tests for every student is daunting indeed, and actually doing it is most likely impossible. However, there are more ways than testing to assess learning. Learner Centered Teaching  lists dozens of ways to do it without giving tests, and using only tests in assessment is a bad idea anyway. One-size-fits-all never works well, so it’s not surprising that personalizing learning is the ideal way to educate kids. The challenge is figuring out how to accomplish it while simultaneously meeting the demands of †¦ well, everybody. It’s easy to think, â€Å"Personalized learning- can’t be done!† It’s true that personalizing every student’s learning, all the time in every way, is probably not possible in today’s classrooms, but there’s plenty of wiggle room in the concept. Exploring how to make the most of it so that kids achieve more and learn in ways that are more natural and meaningful for them is a good use of planning time. This â€Å"next new thing† deserves attention. This is a guest post from Staff Writer, Susan Hurn. Susan is a former high school English teacher and college instructor. She loves writing for and also enjoys good books, creative writing, and all things related to history.   Let us know if you’re interested in contributing to the   blog.

Project Based Learning for Special Education

Project Based Learning for Special Education Project-based learning is an excellent way to differentiate instruction in a full inclusion classroom especially when that class includes students of widely different abilities, from the cognitively or developmental disabled to the gifted children. Project-based learning is also excellent in resource rooms or self-contained classrooms with either typically developing partners or with sufficient support or accommodations. In projects: Science: Create a model of a concept, perhaps insects, and label each part.Reading: Create a television commercial or a web page to promote a book, one you have read together or one that the group has read in a literary circle.Social Studies: Create a play, a power point presentation, or display for a State (as in Michigan,) a country, a political system (socialism, capitalism, republic, etc.) or a political point of view.Math: Plan a trip to a preferred spot (Paris, Tokyo) and create a budget for hotels, flights, meals, etc. In each case the project may support any number of educational objectives: Reinforce Content Retention Project learning has proven, in research, to improve concept retention in a range of students. Deeper Understanding When students are asked to use content knowledge, they are driven to use higher level thinking skills (Blooms Taxonomy) such as Evaluate or Create. Multi-Sensory Instruction Students, not just students with disabilities, all come with different learning styles. Some are strongly visual learners, some are auditory. Some are kinetic and learn best when they can move. Many children benefit from sensory input, and students who are ADHD or Dyslexic benefit from being able to move as they process information. Teaches Skills in Cooperation and Collaboration Future jobs will require not only higher levels of training and technical skills but also the ability to work collaboratively in groups. Groups work well when they are chosen by both the teacher and the students: some groups could be affinity-based, others could be crossability, and some could be friendship based. Alternate Means of Assessing Students' Progress Using a rubric to lay out standards can put students of varying abilities on a level playing field. Student Engagement at its Best When students are excited about what they are doing in school, they will behave better, participate more fully and benefit the most. Project-based learning is a powerful tool for the inclusive classroom. Even if a student or students spend part of their day in a resource or self-contained classroom, the time they spend in project-based collaboration will be a time when typically developing peers will model both good classroom and academic behavior. Projects can enable gifted students to push their academic and intellectual limits. Projects are acceptable across abilities when they meet the criterion established in a rubric. Project-based learning also works well with small groups of students. Pictured above is the scale model of the solar system one of my students with Autism created with me: We figured out the scale together, measured the size of the planets, and measured the distances between the planets. He now knows the order of the planets, the difference between terrestrial and gaseous planets and can tell you why most planets are uninhabitable.

Field trip assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Field trip - Assignment Example Others may be identified by their height and morphology The difference between the southern and northern magnolia trees are mainly based on their morphology. The difference may be used to tell the native of the specific species and the kind of the environment from which the tree came from. Pollination of these flowers is mainly done by beetle, although other insects may be involved. The structure of the flower is simple and one can hardly distinguish the sepals from the petals, the flower is leathery and the seeds are well protected. A leaf that would survive I water needs to be wide and flat for it to float on water, it needs to have many stomata on either side to get rid of the excess water, and the stomata need to be open throughout so as to allow water to escape Station 3 Bald cypress; The bald cypresses are known for their distinctive feature, the knees. These are special roots that protrude upwards from the ground water; their function is thought to be that of air exchange since the bald cypress grow in swampy areas. The giant redwood has a lifespan of up to 2000 years while the giant Sequoia has a life span of 3000 years. The branches of the giant redwood, go up to 5 feet in diameter while those of the Sequoia go up to 8 feet in diameter, the bark of the redwood grows up to 12 inches thick while that of the giant Sequoia grows up to 3 feet thick, lastly the redwood reproduce either by seed or sprout whereas the Sequoias reproduce mainly by seed. Station 4b: Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides); Some of the advantages of deciduous plants are that the plant leave are prevented from damage during harsh conditions, the nutrients and energy are stored in the stems and later used to make other leaves when the conditions are favorable. These plants also reduce ice buildup as they do not have leaves that provide a perfect surface for ice buildup. Thus, there is less damage to the

Respones paper for the film Omar (2014), directed by Hani Abu Assaid Movie Review

Respones paper for the film Omar (2014), directed by Hani Abu Assaid - Movie Review Example Three Palestinian men (Tarek, Omar, and Amjad) who have been friends since childhood pass through the all aspects of their struggle against downtrodden position of their nation facing different challenges and overcoming the obstacles on their sacred way to the free breath. Among various natural for national conflicts implications including double game and treachery of people the main characters run into interdependent relations not only because of their friendship and common idea but for the love of two of them (Omar and Amjad) for one girl Nadia, Tarek’s sister. This is the fact that shows contradictory human features of the main characters, namely: the love motivates Omar to struggle with more intense in order not to lose Nadia, and it makes Amjad to rat not only his friends but the opposition movement for the purpose to be with the girl. One of the characteristics of the film is its symbolism which plays a great role in the ideological content. There are several symbols which impersonate the issue of forced and separated life of Palestinians (the wall) and the trick as a specification of the fight conduct (the parable about the way which is used by hunters for catching monkeys). As a matter of fact the symbols together with the recent theme help the director to make the film a burning one because its plot probably cannot leave anyone indifferent. â€Å"Omar† is the drama that brightly shows the idea Palestinian identity and the desire to live free and without control of any other government but their own. It is notable on the moments when ordinary people support their opposition leaders and assist them in hiding or running from the Israeli police. They are so tired of dependent position that their only will is to bring their discharge as quick as possible. There is the reflection of some features of Palestinian culture in the film, that is, the way of

Motion and grauity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motion and grauity - Research Paper Example ys, â€Å"An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless the object is acted upon by an outside force† (Croce, pp. 38). From this explanation, it is an understanding that a body remains in motion unless some other force stops it down. From this definition, this other force can be either friction or gravity, and thus, understanding of motion itself is an efficient way of understanding the force of gravity. The second law says, â€Å"Acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object† (Quah, pp. 57). This law explains that mass and force are the two indicators that decide the rate with which the body slows or accelerates. Thirdly, Newton stated, â€Å"Every action has an equal and opposite reaction† (Quah, pp. 57). In this regard, these three laws of motion are the best ways of defining and understanding motion. Specifically, from these understandings, motion is any change that occurs in the location or place of a body with regard to time and space. In addition, it is an observation that in physics, scientists always define and explain motion with respect to different references, such as friction, gravity, time, velocity, etc. However, without gravity, there can be no definition of motion. In particular, gravity is the most fundamental concept of nature that allows objects and bodies with any mass to interact, and more specifically, attract each other (Garnow, pp. 23-25). In addition, gravity enables the objects and bodies with masses to acquire weight that results in their falling on the ground. In this regard, gravity or gravitation is the basic force that keeps existence of sun, earth, moon, etc in the universe in balanced manner, whereas, its absence would have caused irregularity in orbits of the universe. Therefore, gravity is the fundamental force that directs and manages motion of bodies and objects in the time and space (Garnow, pp.

Marketing communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing communication - Essay Example In this report, we are going to develop a marketing communication plan for the center in order to improve the business by making the center more attractive and eye-catching for the public. The marketing plan will include such strategies which will play their role in creating awareness among the public about the facilities and entertainment provided by Viejas Outlet Center. Luther (2001) found that analysis of the current situation of any company or firm is necessary before development of a marketing plan. It is because analysis lets us know about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding any specific company for which the plan is to be developed. So in the case of Viejas Outlet Center, we carried out a thorough analysis regarding the current business situation of the outlet in order to know the defficiencies and strengths regarding the outlet. Strengths of the outlet include entertainment spots and various other facilities such as casino, shopping stores, danceclubs, restaurants, and water fountain for the children. These facilities are good enough to attract the customers towards the outlet but it needs a suitable marketing plan in order to creae awareness among the public. The major drawback of Viejas Outlet Center is its marketing strategy. The marketing strategy has a lot of flaws in it due to which the outlet is unable to attract the public. Marketing plan is very old fashioned and is not adjustable with the demands of modern marketing strategies and tactics. Threats to the Viejas Outlet Center include creation of other outlets in the reigon which may not have such faciltities and entertainment spots as the Viejas Outlet Center holds, but the effective marketing strategies of the new outlets may provide them with dominance or egde over Viejas Outlet Center. That is why, Viejas Outlet Center needs to have an effective and innovative

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming Essay

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming - Essay Example Now, people can access their favorite music through internet by paying no or comparatively low prices to the suppliers. (Amberg, and Schrà ¶der. 2007). The online music industry is experiencing another revolution phase due to the development of technology and invention of Smartphones with a capacity to run online streaming any where through 4G connection. Initially, online paid music downloading facility was provided by the Apple’s iTunes in 2003, but it was a cumbersome task to download the music and then run it, therefore the online music industry players had started to develop such applications and platforms, where people can directly stream their favorite music without keeping them in their PCs or Mobile phones storage. For this purpose, online radio platforms, i.e. Pandora and Spotify have been developed to provide an online streaming facility to the music lovers over their computers and Smartphones. Streaming services are providing almost all sorts of music to their customers and people can access more than million of songs through a single click. Online radios, like Pandora and iTunes Radio, have chosen what the custo mers want to hear and these firms generate their revenues through advertisements. Whereas, other firms like Deezer and Spotify, offer a collection of 20 to 30 million songs on annual or monthly subscription basis and charge premium prices to their customers. Due to these changes the sales of record labels have decreased by 4% as compared to the last year, where on the other hand online streaming firms like Spotify has earned more than $1 billion in revenues. (Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara, and Marsden. 2007). However, the overall online streaming industry was accounted for 21% of the total music industry revenues in 2013, which showed a very rapid growth in last 5 years. ( Hodgkins, 2014) Due to the high trend of Smartphones and development in the mobile phone services sector, i.e. the

Building International Relationships Case Study

Building International Relationships - Case Study Example There are several companies it has acquired since its establishment; one of the most prominent companies that this discourse will focus on is the critical acquisition of J.A Jones. Holzmann has been involved in not less than fifty expansionary steps, from partial share purchases and absolute acquisition. J.A Jones Inc. is of the leading U.S construction companies. The company has offices throughout the world it has been engaged in multiplicity of industrial, commercial, government and military constructions projects throughout its over 100 years of business. One of the high profiles the company enjoys is the construction of the tallest building in the world. In the year 1979 J.A Jones merged with Philip Holzmann AG. Since the signing of the joint venture agreement, the two companies have been doing well especially in the construction industry which has seen the two partners excel in most of the construction projects. Since marriage, the joint venture has been rocked by several challenges with major one being bankruptcy. This made Jones construction approach a decision to detach from the parent company. Although J.A Jones has been the main business player, the construction company feels that its woes are as a result of the parent company: Philip Holzmann AG that filed for bankruptcy protection in the year 2002. J.A Jones interim chief executive officer J.P Bolduc says that revenue earned is diverted to Holzmann: this crimps Jones’ ability to obtain bond for its projects. In as much as their marriage has been long, they are currently at war on dissolving the marriage. This is evident after Jones filed petition in a German court to end ties. Jones was ranked 7th among contractors in the building and construction industry in 2002 listing of the largest United States Non-residential design and construction firms, owning a volume of $1.9 billion. There are other five units belonging to Jones that are up for sale. Whatever J.A jones has never dreamt of could now be

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming Essay

Supply and Demand of Online Music Streaming - Essay Example Now, people can access their favorite music through internet by paying no or comparatively low prices to the suppliers. (Amberg, and Schrà ¶der. 2007). The online music industry is experiencing another revolution phase due to the development of technology and invention of Smartphones with a capacity to run online streaming any where through 4G connection. Initially, online paid music downloading facility was provided by the Apple’s iTunes in 2003, but it was a cumbersome task to download the music and then run it, therefore the online music industry players had started to develop such applications and platforms, where people can directly stream their favorite music without keeping them in their PCs or Mobile phones storage. For this purpose, online radio platforms, i.e. Pandora and Spotify have been developed to provide an online streaming facility to the music lovers over their computers and Smartphones. Streaming services are providing almost all sorts of music to their customers and people can access more than million of songs through a single click. Online radios, like Pandora and iTunes Radio, have chosen what the custo mers want to hear and these firms generate their revenues through advertisements. Whereas, other firms like Deezer and Spotify, offer a collection of 20 to 30 million songs on annual or monthly subscription basis and charge premium prices to their customers. Due to these changes the sales of record labels have decreased by 4% as compared to the last year, where on the other hand online streaming firms like Spotify has earned more than $1 billion in revenues. (Bhattacharjee, Gopal, Lertwachara, and Marsden. 2007). However, the overall online streaming industry was accounted for 21% of the total music industry revenues in 2013, which showed a very rapid growth in last 5 years. ( Hodgkins, 2014) Due to the high trend of Smartphones and development in the mobile phone services sector, i.e. the

History of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Essay Example for Free

History of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Essay The assignment was to select a significant event in the development of psychological testing, such as the Chinese use of essay exams for civil service selection, the use of alpha and beta testing in World War I, Wundt’s laboratory, or the development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). This paper will discuss the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI); explain its significance and how it has affected the development of psychological testing in the 21st century. Significance The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was published in 1940 and the second revised version was published in 1989 (MMPI-2). It is used to measure adult psychopathology and is the most commonly used measurement in the world (Drayton, 2009). The test was developed with a set of answers that healthy adults would answer and then provides indirect questions as to prevent individuals from being able to skew their answers to get a more favorable result. This allows clinicians to have an objective measure rather than basing a diagnosis off of their minimal assumptions. The test (MMPI-2) is a self-report measure of a person’s psychological state and includes 567 items of true/false questions. According to Drayton (2009), â€Å"It has nine validity scales (or ‘lie’ scales), assessing for lying, defensiveness, faking good and faking bad and among others. These scales make it very difficult to fake the MMPI-2 results. The measure has many clinical scales assessing mental health problems (i.e. depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder), personality characteristics (i.e. psychopathy) and general personality traits such as anger, somatization, hypochondriasis, ‘type A behavior’ addiction potential, poor ego strength and many others† (p. 135). The MMPI-2 can be used to assess major social and personal maladjustment, identify potential applicants for high-risk public safety positions as well as give the ability to support a clinician’s expert testimony. It can also assess clients in substance abuse programs and assist in selecting the most beneficial treatment methodology. With rising divorce rates, this assessment can provide valuable insight for marriage and family counseling. Lastly, this test has affected the college and career counseling sector by providing support for recommendations (Ben-Porath Tellegen, 2008) Conclusion This paper discussed the brief history of the MMPI and the MMPI-2, what it measures and what is included in the assessment as well as the significance it has in modern culture. Included was the intended use of the assessment, the basic principles that the test contains as well as the vast modern use of the MMPI-2.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay The oceans cover a little more than 70 percent of the earth surface. This makes it the worlds largest solar energy collector and energy storage system. On an average day, 60 million square kilometers if tropical seas absorb and amount of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. The history of mankind, have depended upon its ability to conquer the forces of nature, and to utilize these forces to serve its needs. Energy technology is certainly one of the most important factors in the emergence of mankind as the dominant species of this plant. The invention of the practical steam engine by James watt, brought about development of large factories, steam ships and the steam locomotive. First wood was used, then coal. About the same time, the use of coal instigated advances in metallurgy .petroleum from natural seepage has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and waterproofing. The introduction of drilling for oil greatly increased the s upply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high gear. One problem is that the natural seepage is limited and in a few years the elements will be used. The development of nuclear power was touted as the answers to all mankinds energy woes. It not turned out that way. The elimination of government subsidies for nuclear power plants has made them quite unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the world will write disaster for nuclear power plant The concept of OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by French physicist, Jacques arsene d arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power facility was not developed until the 1920s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermal energy conversion is an energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the oceans natural thermal gradient, consequently the temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deep water below 600 metres by about 20c, an OTEC system can produce, a significantly amount of power. The oceans are thus a vast renewable resource; with the potential to help us in the OTEC process is also rich in nutrients and it can be used to culture both marine organism and plant life near the shore or on land The total influx of solar energy into earth is of thousands of time as a great as mankind total energy use. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the result of the capture of solar energy by life of the past. There have been, any projects for harnessing solar energy, but most have not been successful because they attempt to capture the energy directly. The idea behind OTEC is the use of all a natural collectors, the se, instead of artificial collector. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm water is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm water pump. The water is pumped through the boiler, where some of the water is used to heat the working fluid, usually propane or some similar material. The propane vapour expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that generating electric power. Cold water from the bottom is pumped through the condenser, where the vapour returns to the liquid state. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some small fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the water through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different kinds of OTEC power plants, the land based and the floating plant. First, land based power plants, the land based pilot plant will consist of a building. This building will contain the heat exchangers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an enormous fish farm (100 football areas) by other pipes. Warm water is collected through a screened enclosure close to the store. A long pipe laid on the slope collects cold water. Power and fresh water are generated in the building by the equipment. Used water if first circulated in to the marine culture pond (fish farm) and then discharges by the third pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm water inlet. This is done so that the outflow does not reenter the plan, since re use of warm water would lower the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power plants is floating power plants, the floating power plant works in the same way as the land base d the apparent different is that the floating plant is floating. Where actually OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anywhere across about 60 million squares kilometres of tropical oceans anywhere there is deep cold water lying under warm surface water this generally means between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface water is these regions, warmed by the sun, generally stys at 25 degrees Celsius or above. Ocean water more than 1000 meters below the surface is generally at about 4 degrees C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: open cycle, closed cycle and hybrid cycle. Closed cycle Closed cycle systems use fluid with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, to rotate a turbine to generate electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea water is pumped through a heat exchanger where the low boiling water point is vaporized. The expanding vapour turns the turbo generator, then clod, deep seawater pumped through a second heat exchanger condenses the vapour back into a liquid, which is then recycle through the system Open cycle Open cycle OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface water to make electricity. When warm seawater is placed in a low pressure container, it boils. The expanding steam drives a low pressure turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low pressure container, is almost pure fresh water. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans water Hybrid cycle Hybrid system combines the feature of both the closed cycle an open cycle system. In a hybrid system, warm seawater enters a vacuum chamber where it is flash evaporated into steam, similar to the open cycle evaporation process. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to produce electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the uses OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface seawater and cold water from the ocean depths replace fossil fuels to produce electricity. Second, its suitably designed OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can produce fresh water as well as electricity. This is a significant adapted in island areas where fresh water is limited, other there is enough solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical oceans surface layer to provide most, if not all, of present human energy needs and last the use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would cost more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC plants must be located were a difference of about 20;c occurs year round. Ocean depths must be available fairly close to shore based facilities for economics operation. Floating plant ships could provide more flexibility. Third, there is no energy company will put money in this project because it only has been tested in very smell scale and last, the construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal water may cause localised damage to reefs and near shore marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most part, environmentally benign. Although accidental leakage of closed cycle working fluids can pose a hazard, under normal conditions, the only effluents are the mixed seawater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea water is depressurized. Although the quantities of outgassed species may be significant for large OTEC systems, with the exception of carbon dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and can impact global climate; however, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less carbon dioxide than comparable fossil fuel power plants and those emissions may be sequestered easily in the ocean or used to stimulate marine biomass production. OTEC mixed seawater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea water at the ocean surface. The discharges will also contain high concentrations of nutrients brought up with the deep sea water and may have a different salinity. It is important; ther efore, that release back into the ocean is conducted in a manner that minimizes unintended changes to the ocean mixed layer biota and avoids inducing long-term surface temperature anomalies. Analyses of OTEC effluent plumes suggest that discharge at depths of 50-100 m should be sufficient to ensure minimal impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to sustain open-ocean Mari culture

king Louis :: essays research papers

Introduction Perhaps one of the most famous of European monarchs, King Louis XIV ruled France for some 72 years, the longest by any French head of State. It is believed that reign of King Louis XIV was reputably famous as one of 'Absolute government', primarily because the King had his own particular and dominating style of governing the nation. Attaining the powers of a King at a young age of only 5 years, King Louis XIV would rule through his mother's guidance and Cardinal Mazarin acting as the head of state deciding most of the official and civilian matters concerning the governance of France. With no proper or formal education to his credit, King Louis XIV nevertheless gained immense insight on practically all matters of governance and grew up to be an extremely intelligent head of state. From the onset of his adulthood, King Louis XIV had perceived numerous plans for his country, and if one were to grade the King according to today's standards, one would certainly place him in the category o f 'Type-A personality'. This was because the King had learnt, and that too from childhood' that the best way to rule would be to control the subject with absolute authority. In doing so, the King chose his advisors and consultants from the category of 'non-nobles, with the objective of inviting least opposition, and for reasons of imposing his decisions and motives without being questioned. The nobles too were useful, and had to be retained around the King's circle, primarily to win over their confidence, in return for the positions and wealth offered to them on behalf of the state. Also famous as a hard working and pleasant natured, the King sought to bring 'glory' for France, and strived for a united France, simply because it was easier to rule. The King's ideas about making France a glorious state were also exhibited in his desires for other European nations to fear, respect as well as imitate France in all matters of governance, aspects which only remained merely a set of ideas. Born in 1710 at Versailles, King Louis XIV gained the title of "Louis the Well Beloved", yet this title only remained so until the King remained a monarch of France, and practically diminished upon his death. Unlike heirs of monarchs, King Louis XIV was neither formally educated in worldly discipline, nor was he nurtured to become a head of state.

Gender and Society :: Gender Society Sexism Essays Papers

Society has stamped an image into the minds of people of how the role of each gender should be played out. There are two recognized types of gender, a man and a woman, however there are many types of gender roles a man or a woman may assume or be placed into by society. The ideas of how one should act and behave are often times ascribed by their gender by society, but these ascribed statuses and roles are sometimes un-welcomed, and people will assume who they want to be as individuals by going against the stereotypes set forth by society. This paper will examine these roles in terms of how society sees men and women stereotypically, and how men and women view themselves and each other in terms of stereotypes that are typically ascribed, as well as their own opinions with a survey administered to ten individuals. What I hope to prove is that despite stereotypes playing a predominant role within our society, and thus influencing what people believe about each other in terms of their same and opposite genders, people within our society are able to go against these ascribed stereotypes and be who they want and it be okay. Through use of the survey and my own personal history dealing with gender stereotyping I think I can give a clear idea as to how stereotypes envelope our society, and how people and breaking free from those stereotypes to be more individualistic. The differences between women and men are not solely biological. Our society’s culture has established a set of unwritten cultural laws of how each gender should act, or in other words society has ascribed a stereotype. Men’s gender identity has been one of masculinity, and masculinity is defined as referring to a man or things described as manly. What does manly mean though? Is a male manly if he is â€Å"Mr. Fix-it†, or the jock, or if he sits on the couch on Sunday watching football? This latter statement is a stereotype of men, that has been around for decades, and is current as well, but starting with the 1960’s a man’s role started to change, despite the stereotype not changing to accommodate it. For the past 40 years one can see how men have taken on roles stereotypically ascribed to women, such roles including being the â€Å"stay-at-home mom†, which we can find an excellent example of in the 1980’s film â€Å"Mr.

Saudi Stock Market

According historical notes, the first stock market company in Saudi Arabia was established in the 3rd decade of the 20th century. Nevertheless, stock trading was initiated only by the end of the 90s/ as a result, a significant increase in the number of stock exchanges was observed. In 1984 stock companies were allowed to regulate stock trading themselves through local banks and to forge panel for supervising market. In the beginning, the stock market was regulated by the Minister of Finance and the governor of Saudi Monetary Agency. Saudi Stock Exchange) Actually, the Saudi stock market has significantly developed over the last decade and nowadays Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) is the largest in the Arab world. The capitalization of the stock exchange is amounted at $58 billion. Consequently, the increase in a number of joint stock companies trading shares is observed as well. So, the current position of the stock market is strengthening. About 70 firms and companies are listed on th e stock Market. Today, the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency regulates the operation and trade of the stock market. Moreover, foreign investors are allowed to participate in the Saudi stock market through establishing mutual funds. (Saudi Stock Market) According official statistics, in 1997 the number of shares traded was amounted at 312. 4 million, and, thus, was valued at $16. 6 billion. In 1998 the total value of traded shares decreased because of significant fluctuations in the international stock markets and financial markets. It was amounted only at 144. 3 million and valued at ?13. 6 billion. (Saudi Stock Market) To understand better the current position of Saudi stock market it is necessary to provide its financial summary: †¢ Value traded – 12,117,480,717. 00 †¢ Traded volume – 288,915,237 †¢ Trades – 242,096 †¢ Symbols traded – 109 †¢ Symbols up – 31 †¢ Symbols down – 69 (Saudi Stock Exchange) Speaking about the companies listed on the stock market it is necessary to outline the first ten companies: 1. Saudi Kayan – 73,544,362 2. Dar Al Arkan – 30,334,318 . Jabal Omar – 28,865,643 4. Kingdom – 10,472,520 5. Shipping – 10,007,032 6. Saudi Electricity – 9,918,619 7. Al Raiji – 9, 834, 346 8. SABIC – 7, 768,456 9. SPM – 6,593,6748 10. RIBL – 5,379,256 (Saudi Stock Exchange) Saudi stock market provides a wide range of activities and service such as, for example, ope ning accounts and depository at both the banks. Next, stock market offers support for full range of depository functions. For example, it is easy to pledge shares which are help in the depository. When a bank reaches particular agreement with foreign or domestic investor, the details are automatically forwarded to the depository. The availability of shares is automatically validated by the tock market. Finally, Saudi stock market supports corporate actions. It means that instead of waiting for cheques it is possible to be paid directly into bank account. Summing, up Saudi stock market doesn’t take leading positions in the world yet, but it is swiftly developing. (Saudi Stock Exchange)

Critical Lens Essay on Archetypes

Miranda E. Remenar Per. 1 Bickmore Senior English 2/9/2012 Critical Lens Essay One might be angered that most of their child hood and lifetime stories are all based on archetypes. A simple skeleton of all tales, novels and stories alike. Until Discovering what an archetype was, you may have though that The Odyssey and Harry Potter were completely different tales, however this assumption would be wrong. Odysseus, a true hero destined by society to have the falls and triumphs of a hero, as well as â€Å"the chosen one† That was Harry.Both chosen by society, both had ambushed plans as well as successful adventures. Analyzing this story using a thought process based on archetypical example and themes, you can clearly see the naked structure of the ‘Willing Hero’ Archetype. Harry Potter, being a hero to all of society faces times in which society also hates him. Where the ministry of magic turns the entire world against a 16 year old boy. He deals with it and lives on to deal with more of the world’s problems. Odysseus has the same problem.He ventures to Troy, and whilst not many came home from such a war, he however survives†¦ No-one can claim the life of Odysseus though, because no one has seen him for seven years. When his son sets forth to seek his dad, the Gods throw him a bone and breath wind in his favor. While on the mission of coming home, little does Odysseus know that all the men of his city are set on marrying his wife. Harry Potter and his friends are just like Odysseus and his crew. Harry relies on his allies for mental support and ideas. While Odysseus relies on his crew for physical support, to get him from place to place.They are with him through thick and thin, so maybe a few of them get sacrificed to a Cyclops, but harry loses and gains a few friends here and there as well. When Harry is fighting the Dark Lord Voldemort, his allies are there for moral support, giving him advice but only he can slay Voldemort in the end. Same goes for Odysseus, while he is planning his attack on the imposters in his house when he returns from the long journey home from Troy, he finds his most loyal crew members, and friends to help him rid of the sinners occupying his hall.Both Harry and Odysseus have allies that they rely on till the very end. Without them, they probably would not have succeeded in the end. Growing up a mortal, Harry never experiences magic, until his eleventh birthday. He struggles with relying on his natural talents, just as Odysseus relies on praying to the Gods for help. When the Gods finally come through for Odysseus nobody seems to believe him. But Harry, he is the only one that can’t seem to rely on something that everyone else around him can’t live without.Odysseus finally gets his wish when the Gods answer his prayers. He begs to the sky like he had been doing his entire life, then finally, Hermes flies in, talks Calypso into releasing him and he was on his way. This sce ne seemed like an eye opener for Odysseus, probably because Hermes just flew right in, knew his name and did him a huge favor by releasing him from the wrath of Calypso. Without the God’s help, Odysseus never would have gotten released, he never would’ve been on his way home at all†¦ And he never would’ve been able to take back his hall from the hands of sinners.Odysseus’ faith in the seemingly non-existent God’s paid off in the end when he saved his wife, his city and was reunited with his adoring son, whom he had not seen nearly his entire life. Through analytical application of archetypes throughout this graphic novel, The Odyssey. Several archetypes, The Willing hero, The allies, The wise on looker, and several that have to do with the Gods strong role in this book were made clear. Some I found more distinct and more prompt than others.Understanding how archetypes make books and epic poems seem more pleasing to our minds eye is a hard idea to grasp, especially when everything that you read, watch or listen to has to do with some sort of archetype. Comparing Harry Potter, wizard in the world of magic, to a Demi-God in the world of Greek mythology and Gods was eye opening. Both alike in many ways, while the story was completely different. As well as the ideas behind both and several of the archetypes involved.

Mengele Annotated Bibliography

This book goes into extreme detail describing every facet of the Nazi regime's various medical experiments, policies and atrocities with the intention of giving the reader an understanding of the past such that it should not repeat itself- as the author suggests it may in today's atmospheres of modern genocide and â€Å"ethnic cleansing.† Lifton draws comparisons particularly to potentially similar situations in Serbia, Rwanda and Cambodia, and draws parallels to the political and societal evolutions that took place in Germany, eventually developing a â€Å"genocidal mentality† that resulted in the systematic killing of (and medical experimentation on) millions of innocent victims. It smoothly describes the growth and development of the overall Nazi medical ideology, beginning with the definition of â€Å"life unworthy of life.† Lifton explains the process by which mentally and physically disabled children and adults came to be regarded as detriments to society that needed to be killed- both for their own good and for the betterment of mankind. This twisted view resulted in a state-sanctioned euthanasia program, wherein German doctors were first compelled to break their Hippocratic Oath- the professional promise to do no harm that is as old as medicine itself. From its beginnings, Lifton further describes the progression of Nazi killings under the guise of science- culminating in the work of Dr. Josef Mengele in the concentration camp Auschwitz. Unlike many studies of Mengele's work, Lifton does not focus simply on the horrors he perpetrated during his time at the camp. Rather, he attempts to explain how the â€Å"camp culture† within Auschwitz and the increasingly brutal practices of the Nazi system resulted in the atmosphere which allowed such horrible atrocities to occur. Koren, Y. (2005). Mengele and the Family of Dwarfs: Yehuda Koren Tells One Family's Remarkable Story of Surviving Auschwitz. History Today, 55, 32-33. This article examines another group of Mengele's victims, Jews suffering the genetic disease of dwarfism. Specifically, an entire family, all of whom somehow managed to survive not only his experiments but the deadly atmosphere of Auschwitz itself. Koren provides first-person accounts via interviews of some members of the Ovitz family, a unique clan from Romania that arrived at Auschwitz in 1944. The family of twelve included seven dwarfs and was the largest recorded dwarf family in the world and before their transport to Auschwitz had spent years touring in a traveling exhibition that promoted them as the â€Å"Lilliput Troupe.† Mengele was extremely interested in genetic abnormalities, and as such targeted dwarfs and other unusual individuals for experimentation. Experiments conducted on the family included extensive drawing of blood, high doses of radiation, removal of blood marrow samples, teeth pulled and the women received mysterious injections into their wombs. Despite all of this horrid treatment, Mengele seemed to have a strange fondness for the family and often treated them to special meals and other privileges, so that he could use them as a source of entertainment for other SS officers. This makes their case extremely unique amongst all of his victims. So, while he avoided killing them, he did so for entirely selfish reasons. The case involving this particular family offers interesting insight into Mengele's personality. Freyhofer, H. (2004). The Nuremberg Medical Trial: The Holocaust and the Origin of the Nuremberg Medical Code. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. This book examines and explains the Medical or â€Å"Doctors† trial of Nuremberg, by recounting everything that led up to the trial, and the wide-ranging effects it had. Particular care is paid to analyzing the breaches in ethics by members of the medical community that chose to take part in the Nazi euthanasia programs and subsequent medical experimentation on prisoners. These doctors, when charged with war crimes in the face of overwhelming evidence of what went on during the course of the war in hospitals and concentration camps, attempted to prove that the experiments they carried out were justifiable in the name of science. Though Josef Mengele was on the run and in hiding at the time of the Trial and didn’t face justice alongside his fellow perpetrators, Freyhofer goes into extensive detail analyzing Mengele's methods and potential   motivations, as well as the ethical implications of Mengele's work. Instead of focusing on the nature of the experiments performed by Mengele and other Nazi doctors, this text seeks to examine the larger picture of medical responsibility. Freyhofer explains the nature of the Hippocratic oath and why it failed to endure the pressures brought upon it by Nazi ideology. Coupled with this is a study of how the doctors charged in the trial, many of them highly respected in their fields before the war, could have so thoroughly warped their ethical viewpoints. The most significant contribution of this work is the explanation of the Nuremberg Medical Code that resulted from the trial, in which the courts set a legal international standard for medical experimentation. As a result of this landmark decision, doctors could never again claim to have performed experimentation on unwilling subjects for the good of science. Riordan, C. (1997). The Sins of the Children: Peter Schneider, Allan Massie and the Legacy of Auschwitz. Journal of European Studies, 27, 161-180. This article examines the repercussions that Nazi war crimes have had on the descendants of both the perpetrators and the victims. Countless sources recount the stories of Holocaust survivors and the stories of their children, but few examine the effects the war had on the equally innocent children of many top Nazis. These children grew up with the heart-breaking weight of their fathers crimes, which in turn generated a degree of self-loathing. One particular figure of interest in this article is Rolf Mengele, the son of Dr. Josef Mengele. Mengele, having disappeared after the war into hiding in Brazil, lived out the rest of his days in relative peace and quiet, never meeting retribution for his terrible crimes. Six years after the death of his father, Rolf finally came forward and recounted his story of what it was like to have to live in obscurity under constant fear of discovery, and coping with the knowledge that his father never regretted any of his barbaric doings. The primary purpose behind analyzing the stories of the children of Nazi war criminals is to determine where historians draw the line between understanding and acceptance. To accomplish this, Riordan references two fictionalized accounts of these father-son relationships in order to gain insight into how the children of war criminals deal with the knowledge of their fathers' actions, and what action (or lack thereof) they take to attempt to atone for those crimes. Why, for example, did Rolf Mengele never turn his father in to the authorities? The motives are varied, and in the end it's up to the individual to weigh perceived loyalty to family, or loyalty to justice. Hinton, AL. (2002). Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide. Berkeley: University of California Press. This book seeks to examine the larger picture of genocide and what drives humanity to single out and persecute specific groups of people within society. By studying various cases where genocide has occurred, such as the Holocaust, the author hopes to bring about an understanding of what causes these shameful events and how we might strive to prevent them in the future. Hinton states that genocide cannot occur without a basis of ideology that the perpetrators feel justifies their behavior. Clearly this makes the Holocaust a prime example, and Hinton places great emphasis on the supposed anthropological basis for many Nazi ideologies. Primarily amongst these are those regarding the Jews, who were defined by the Nazis as a lesser breed of humanity due to their stereotypical ethnic features, which differed in some ways from the â€Å"ideal† Aryan. This anthropological view that Jews were sub-human played a major role in Nazi justification of their treatment of the Jews, from basic imprisonment to systematic killing and use in ghastly medical experiments like those carried out by Josef Mengele. Hinton also discusses the psychological blocks put in place by the Nazis themselves in order to avoid full comprehension of their misdeeds. This included the frequent use of obscure terms and code words that were used in place of clear descriptions of the atrocities carried out on prisoners by Mengele and other Nazis. This suggests that even ideology couldn’t fully convince even the Nazis that what they were doing was right, and subconciously they corrected for this by softening the appearance of their crimes, at least in writing. Baumel, JT. (2000). â€Å"You Said the Words You Wanted Me to Hear But I Heard The Words You Couldn't Bring Yourself To Say†: Women's First Person Accounts of the Holocaust. The Oral History Review. 27, 17-18. This article offers a unique view of some of Mengele's forgotten victims, the mothers of many of the children used in his experiments. It's well documented that Mengele was highly interested in performing experiments on twins, and he took great care to sort twin children out from the rest of the Jews brought to Auschwitz by train. Twins were often yanked from their mothers grasps and the mothers sent off to their deaths never knowing what became of their children, while other times the mothers themselves were also involved in the experiments. This article examines both situations, with particular attention paid to the later group- Mengele was interested in what caused the twin phenomenon, and did tests on the Jewish mothers of twins in hopes of discovering the cause of twin births. Other mothers were forced to take part in the tests conducted on their own children, sometimes forced to inject their children with unknown substances, many of which had terrible effects. This had an obvious severe psychological effect on these mothers, which Baumel explores in detail through first hand accounts. Other times, pregnant women were selected by Mengele for experimentation, such as one mother that had her newborn child taken from her and was forced to watch it starve to death as Mengele sought to determine how long a newborn could survive without its mother. Other pregnant women were experimented on, with injections and surgery. Through this and other terrible descriptions, Baumel illustrates not only the horrors of Mengele's experimentation, but also the terrible effect it had on the women they involved.